Talking the Tropics With Mike: Strong tropical wave to Gulf then north/northeast - Florida soaker

Jacksonville, Fl. — The “Buresh Bottom Line”: Always be prepared!.....First Alert Hurricane Preparation Guide... City of Jacksonville Preparedness Guide... Georgia Hurricane Guide.

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*** LOCAL (Jacksonville/NE Fl./SE Ga.) IMPACTS FROM THE TROPICS: None through Friday into Saturday... heavy rain threat, isolated tornadoes/waterspouts Sunday-Monday.

The Atlantic Basin Overview:

Forecast models are coming into generally better agreement regarding the possible/probable development & evolution of a tropical wave that will emerge over the SE Gulf of Mexico....

(1) ‘97-L’ - The wave continues to steadily move westward within a moist atmosphere & now generally low shear. Land interaction with the Greater Antilles is now the chief inhibiting factor for organization/strengthening. The wave should emerge over the Southeast Gulf Saturday & that’s when strengthening should begin. Tropical storm watches may soon be issued for Florida & hurricane hunter aircraft will begin regularly visiting the disturbance Fri. afternoon.

Well - let’s give a tip of the hat to the GFS model - at least so far. It’s clear a more west is the call as the wave is being driven west by low level prevailing easterly (east to west) winds. Virtually all the forecast models now have the wave slowly developing into a tropical storm over the Eastern Gulf over the weekend. Other than proximity to land, it would appear most parameters - water temps., atmospheric moisture (humidity) & shear favor development. If the disturbance can stay over the Gulf longer & a little more west, a stronger scenario has to be considered.

97-L should move north then northeast over the Eastern Gulf then across Florida &/or Georgia then over the far Western Atlantic where - depending on proximity to land & how much the system might be degraded by it’s transit over Fl./Ga. - restrengthening will be possible while the disturbance (likely “Debby”) moves very near the Carolina coast.

Based on this forecast track & scenario, 97-L looks to be a tropical rainstorm for Florida & Georgia with some - though not overly strong - winds, somewhat rough seas & surf & a tornado/waterspout threat. Then additional impacts for at least the Carolina’s.

The track is coming down to - as expected - a potential alleyway between sprawling upper level high pressure cells - the Bermuda high & a summer-long second cell over the Souther/SW U.S. & an upper level trough digging southeast over the Eastern U.S. This will be in interesting interaction as the upper level trough will add some upper level “ventilation” for 97-L adding to the potential for intensification especially once the disturbance is moving offshore over the far Western Atlantic. It would seem this is when more rapid development could be a threat.

It is important to realize & understand that while forecast models have come into better agreement, there is still plenty of room for possibly significant forecast changes... especially if the incoming upper level trough fails to actually pick up 97-L.

So *For the moment* it would appear an initially rather weak tropical system will be over the Eastern Gulf & near Florida by Sunday moving north/northeast with a turn more northeast with time.

The “Buresh Bottom Line”:

* the probability of a tropical system near Florida looks high late in the weekend/early next week.

* Concerns would be centered around heavy rain - possibly very heavy, moderately rough seas & surf, a high rip current risk & isolated tornadoes/waterspouts. Winds should be gusty but not severe.

* Florida is the “fork in the road” for direction of movement & speed.

* There is the potential for a stronger tropical system in the *longer range*.

* Heads up for all of Florida, the Central & Eastern Gulf coast & the U.S. east coast.

* Gusty rain & t’storm squalls will impact Hispaniola & nearby islands, Central & Southern Bahamas as well as Jamaica & Cuba into Saturday... & Florida later in the weekend/early next week.

In a broad sense... tropical development fits the pattern with sprawling high pressure spread out at northern latitudes + a MJO impulse (vertical atmospheric lift) pushing eastward from the Pacific.

Keep in mind the NHC shading below is the area where development of a tropical system *might* occur & is NOT a forecast cone (as one would see when/if a tropical cyclone has actually developed)...

500mb - about 30,000 feet - Saturday (08/03) Euro forecast:

Composite map below shows water temps. (plenty warm - 85-90F+)... wind shear (decreasing markedly)... & dry air (not much):

Wind shear dropping off dramatically over the Fl. Straits, Gulf:

(2) A couple of active tropical wave are over the Central & Eastern Atlantic. Forecast models are not too excited about the waves, but it’s something to watch as the African “wave train” starts to ramp up & the MJO pulse spreads eastward.

The velocity potential anomalies map below shows a lot of sinking air (brown lines) - & a lack of convection - over the Atlantic Basin to the far East Pacific while rising air (green lines) is over the Central & West Pacific more convection is notable. Often the green areas (MJO pulse) will correlate with increased tropical activity. So it’s the W. Pacific that will be more active now but this pulse should move eastward - signs of which we’re already seeing - helping to set off a return to a more active Atlantic through at least the middle of August.

REMEMBER WHEN A TROPICAL STORM OR HURRICANE IS APPROACHING: Taping windows is *not* recommended & will not keep glass from breaking. Instead close curtains & blinds.

Realize the forecast cone (”cone of uncertainty”) is the average forecast error over a given time - out to 5 days - & *does not* indicate the width of the storm &/or where damage might occur.

The upper oceanic heat content (UOHC) [tropical cyclone heat potential/TCHP] across the SW Atlantic, Gulf & Caribbean is unseasonably high for this time of year:

Water vapor loop (dark blue/yellow is dry mid & upper level air):

August tropical cyclone origins (early season breeding grounds are the Gulf &/or Western Caribbean:

Averages below based on climatology for the Atlantic Basin for August (1 hurricane so far, 3 tropical storms):

Wind shear (red - strong shear; green - low shear):

Saharan dust spreads west each year from Africa driven by the prevailing winds (from east to west over the Atlantic). Dry air = yellow/orange/red/pink. Widespread dust is indicative of dry air that *can* interfere with the development of tropical cyclones. However, sometimes “wanna’ be” waves will just wait until they get to the other side of - or away from - the dust plume then try to develop if other conditions are favorable. In my personal opinion, there is way too much “hoopla” about the presence of Saharan dust & how it relates to tropical cyclones. In any case, the peak of Saharan dust typically is in June & July.

2024 names..... “Debby” is the next name on the Atlantic list (names are picked at random by the World Meteorological Organization... repeat every 6 years). Historic storms are retired [Florence & Michael in ’18 (the last time this year’s list was used)... Dorian in ’19 & Laura, Eta & Iota in ‘20, Ida in ‘21 & Fiona & Ian in ‘22]). In fact, this year’s list of names is rather infamous because of the ‘04 season when Charley, Frances, Jeanne & Ivan - all retired names - hit Florida within a matter of about 6 weeks. The WMO decided - beginning in 2021 - that the Greek alphabet will be no longer used & instead there will be a supplemental list of names if the first list is exhausted (has only happened three times - 2005, 2020 & 2021). The naming of tropical cyclones began on a consistent basis in 1953. More on the history of naming tropical cyclones * here *.

East Atlantic:

Mid & upper level wind shear (enemy of tropical cyclones) analysis (CIMMS). The red lines indicate strong shear:

Water vapor imagery (dark blue indicates dry air):

Deep oceanic heat content over the Gulf, Caribbean & deep tropical Atlantic. The colors will brighten greatly as the water warms to greater depths deeper into the season:

Sea surface temp. anomalies:

SE U.S. surface map:

Surface analysis centered on the tropical Atlantic:

Surface analysis of the Gulf:

Caribbean:

Atlantic Basin wave period forecast for 24, 48, 72 & 96 hours respectively:

East & Central Pacific:

“Carlotta” has formed over the Eastern Pacific & has become the first hurricane of the season over the E. Pacific - one of the latest dates for such an occurrence on record. Nevertheless - no impact to land areas while moving west.